Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)(Indian Constitution and Polity)
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)(Indian Constitution and Polity)
Why In News:
The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) Yearbook 2026 has reported that India expanded its nuclear stockpile).
What is SIPRI?
Full Form: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Founded in 1966, based in Stockholm, Sweden.
Publishes the annual SIPRI Yearbook- the most authoritative independent report on global armaments, disarmament, and international security.
It is an independent think-tank, not a UN or treaty-based body. India-specific data is an estimate.
India's Nuclear Doctrine
No First Use (NFU) Policy: India will not use nuclear weapons first; will only retaliate after a nuclear strike against India or its forces.
Credible Minimum Deterrence: India maintains the minimum arsenal required to deter a nuclear attack- not aimed at matching adversaries warhead-for-warhead.
Massive Retaliation: India reserves the right to respond with overwhelming nuclear force if attacked- even by Chemical or Biological weapons (per 2003 revision).
Nuclear Command Authority (NCA): India's apex body for nuclear decisions. Political Council (chaired by PM) takes use decisions; Executive Council (headed by NSA) provides staff support.
Key Treaty Positions
NPT (Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty): India is NOT a signatory. India argues the NPT is discriminatory- it designates only 5 Nuclear Weapons States (P5) and denies equal status to India.
CTBT (Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty): India has NOT signed CTBT, citing it does not lead to universal disarmament.
NSG (Nuclear Suppliers Group): India seeks membership. China opposes- demands NPT membership as a prerequisite.