Sangam Age
Context: The Sangam Age is once again under the academic and national spotlight due to a recent controversy involving the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and archaeologist Amarnath Ramakrishna, who led the excavation at Keezhadi, near Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Keezhadi is believed to be a major urban settlement from the Sangam period.
Important Pointers:
Sangam Age: The Sangam Age (300 BCE–300 CE) was a key period in South Indian history, covering Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and parts of Sri Lanka.
Political Landscape: The Cheras, Cholas, and Pandyas were the main dynasties dominating the region politically and culturally.
Literary Contributions: Sangam literature, like Ettuthogai and Pattuppattu, reflects the society, culture, and values of the time.
Urbanization and Trade: Sites like Arikamedu and Kodumanal reveal thriving urban centers and extensive trade networks.
Religious Practices: Worship of deities such as Mayon (Vishnu) and Ceyon (Murugan) shows religious diversity.
Social Structure: Society was divided by occupations, with women poets and scholars actively contributing.
Military and Governance: Kings ruled with strong armies and councils of ministers, priests, and commanders.
Keezhadi Excavation Controversy: Keezhadi near Madurai, excavated by ASI, revealed an advanced Sangam urban settlement but became controversial due to excavation interruptions.