International Day of Biosphere Reserves
Context
The International Day for Biosphere Reserves is observed on November 3.
The day celebrates the areas which are designated by UNESCO as living laboratories.
Here nature and communities coexist in harmony thereby demonstrating practical models of sustainable development.
What are Biosphere Reserves?
Biosphere Reserves (BRs) are areas of terrestrial, marine, or coastal ecosystems identified by national governments to conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable development
They are internationally recognized under UNESCO's Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme.
The primary purpose is to conserve representative ecosystems and in-situ genetic diversity of all forms of life
India has 18 notified Biosphere Reserves, 13 of which are recognized by UNESCO
Zonation of a Biosphere Reserve: Biosphere reserves are structured into three distinct zones:
Core Area:
This is a legally constituted, strictly protected zone for long-term protection
It contributes to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species, and genetic variation
Biotic interference is not permitted
Buffer Zone:
This zone surrounds or adjoins the core area(s).
It is used for activities compatible with conservation( scientific research, monitoring, education, and training)
Transition Area:
This is the outermost area where communities foster socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable economic and human activities
It is designated for sustainable resource management practices.
Functions of Biosphere Reserves: The three main functions of Biosphere Reserves are:
Conservation:
Protecting biodiversity, genetic resources, and ecosystems.
Sustainable Development:
Fostering economic and human development that is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable.
Research & Monitoring:
Providing support for research, monitoring, education, and training related to conservation and sustainable development.