Brown Dwarfs

Brown Dwarfs

Why it Matters? 

  • Scientists have discovered a rare quadruple star system (UPM J1040-3551 AabBab) comprising two red dwarfs and two brown dwarfs, a first of its kind. 

What You Should Know? 

  • Brown dwarfs are “failed stars” as they lack hydrogen fusion. 

  • They can have a mass up to 70 times that of Jupiter. 

  • Their atmospheres are similar to gas giants such as Jupiter and Saturn. 

  • Brown dwarfs emit little visible light, making them hard to detect. 

  • The discovery is rare as fewer than 5% of low-mass brown dwarfs have companions. 

Red dwarf 

  • Red dwarfs are the smallest stars, with masses between 7.5% and 50% of the Sun.  

  • They have very low luminosity, emitting just 0.01% to 10% of the Sun’s brightness, and low surface temperatures give them a red or orange glow.  

  • Their slow hydrogen burning allows them to shine for trillions of years, far longer than the Sun’s 10-billion-year lifespan.  

  • They are the most common type of star in the Milky Way galaxy. The closest star to the Sun, Proxima Centauri, is a red dwarf.